Tax Reform Changes - How will they affect you?

When you file your 2018 tax returns – about a year from now – your return will look very different.  Here are a few of the biggest changes that may affect you.

 

Individual Tax

• Individual tax rates will range from 10% to 37%.
• Standard deduction increases and personal and dependent exemptions eliminated
• The Child Tax Credit increased and a new Dependent Credit created.

Disappearing deductions: Beginning with the 2018 tax year, you will no longer be able to deduct:

• State income tax and property taxes above $10,000 per year in total;
• Moving expenses (with an exception for certain military);
• Employee business expenses such as mileage, travel, entertainment, home office expenses, union dues, tax preparation fees, and investment fees, among others;
• Mortgage interest beyond interest on $750,000 of acquisition debt (if you buy a new home); and
• Mortgage interest paid on equity debt (all homeowners).

Some new benefits for individuals include:

• Medical expense Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) threshold will temporarily drop to 7.5% of AGI for 2017 and 2018;
• Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) threshold increased;
• A deduction for qualified business income for passthrough entity owners;
• Recharacterization to an IRA cannot be used to undo a Roth conversion;
• The estate tax exclusion has increased to $10 million (adjusted for inflation); and
• Annual gift tax exclusion remains the same ($14,000 for 2017 and $15,000 for 2018), but the maximum rate on gifts is 35%.

Small Business Tax

• Corporate tax rate will be a flat 21% for 2018
• Up to 20% deduction from net business income for a sole proprietorship, LLC (excluding those taxed as a C corporation), partnership, S corporation, and rental activity. The rules are complex but there is a lot of planning that we can do to maximize this deduction for you.
• Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) repealed;
  
• IRC §179 expensing and bonus depreciation increased;
• Deductible business interest reduced;
• The net operating loss (NOL) carryback repealed, NOL deduction amount limited;
• The domestic production activities deduction is repealed;
• IRC §1031 treatment is limited to certain real property; and
• Entertainment expenses are disallowed.

We are here if you would like to discuss how the changes apply to your unique situation >> Contact Us

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In the case of non-profit organizations one of those exceptions to the general rule of tax exemption is something called “Unrelated Business Taxable Income”. Nonprofit boards and management should be aware that it is out there and that it might be applicable to their organization depending on the kind of activities it carries out.

First, let’s get clear on a couple of acronyms that might otherwise be confusing:

UBTI = Unrelated Business Taxable Income
UBIT = Unrelated Business Income Tax

What is Unrelated Business Taxable Income?

If your non-profit is carrying on activities that are not related to the tax-exempt purpose of your organization, any income from that activity might be deemed to be UBTI and subject to income tax.

Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT) is applied to any income generated by commercial activities that don’t fall within the scope of your non-profit’s exempt purpose (remember, that purpose you declared you were dedicated to when you applied for your exempt status with the IRS). So if you’re bringing in revenues that don’t directly benefit your charitable cause, it’s likely that you’ll have to pay UBIT on this income.

How UBTI can impact your organization

If your non-profit hasn’t considered the potential impact of UBI, it can come as quite a shock when the IRS comes knocking and you are required to pay over an unbudgeted amount to cover tax costs and possibly penalties and interest.

How does an organization guard against this rude surprise? By finding an advisor who understands not only the exceptions to the exceptions but the exceptions to the exceptions to the exceptions.

With proper planning UBTI can be avoided or at least properly planned for. For instance:

• By restructuring an activity so that at least 85% of the labor involved in the activity was provided by unpaid volunteers, we were able to allow a client to avoid UBTI characterization even though the activity was otherwise unrelated.
• Another client involved in a profit splitting agreement with an insurance company had been reporting UBTI and paying tax for number of years. As the revenue grew, so did the tax. We assisted the client in structuring their contractual relationship with a new insurance company so that the majority of income was in the nature of royalty income, a kind of income that under most circumstances is excluded from UBTI. The result has been a tax savings of thousands of dollars.

Talk to us about your UBTI concerns

If you’re running a non-profit organization and are concerned about the potential impact of UBTI, we can help you to review your activities for UBTI potential and discuss the possible ways you can restructure the activities to place them outside the scope of UBTI or reduce any tax liability.

Contact us at Checkbox and arrange for a chat.

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Even though only a few months remain in 2014, you still have time to act so you aren’t surprised at tax-time next year. You should take steps now to avoid owing more taxes or getting a larger refund than you expect. Here are some actions you can take to bring the taxes you pay in advance closer to what you’ll owe when you file your tax return:

Adjust your withholding.
If you’re an employee and you think that your tax withholding will fall short of your total annual tax liability, you may be able to avoid an unexpected tax bill by increasing your withholding. If you are having too much tax withheld, you may get a larger refund than you expect. In either case, you can complete a new Form W-4, Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate and give it to your employer. Enter the added amount you want withheld from each paycheck until the end of the year on Line 6 of the W-4 form. You usually can have less tax withheld by increasing your withholding allowances on line 5. Use the IRS Withholding Calculator tool on IRS.gov to help you fill out the form.

Report changes in circumstances.
If you purchase health insurance coverage through the Health Insurance Marketplace, you may receive advance payments of the premium tax credit in 2014. It is important that you report changes in circumstances to your Marketplace so you get the proper type and amount of premium assistance. Some of the changes that you should report include changes in your income, employment, or family size. Advance credit payments help you pay for the insurance you buy through the Marketplace. Reporting changes will help you avoid getting too much or too little premium assistance in advance.

Change taxes with life events.
You may need to change the taxes you pay when certain life events take place. A change in your marital status or the birth of a child can change the amount of taxes you owe. When they happen you can submit a new Form W-4 at work or change your estimated tax payment.

Be accurate on your W-4.
When you start a new job you fill out a Form W-4. It’s important for you to accurately complete the form. For example, special rules apply if you work two jobs or you claim tax credits on your tax return. Your employer will use the form to figure the amount of federal income tax to withhold from your pay.

Pay estimated tax if required.
If you get income that’s not subject to withholding you may need to pay estimated tax. This may include income such as self-employment, interest, or rent. If you expect to owe a thousand dollars or more in tax, and meet other conditions, you may need to pay this tax. You normally pay the tax four times a year. Use Form 1040-ES, Estimated Tax for Individuals, to figure and pay the tax.

For more see Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax. You can get it and IRS forms on IRS.gov, or call 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676) to get them by mail.

Need further assistance? Please contact us using the details below.

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Many employers outsource their payroll and related tax duties to third-party payers such as payroll service providers (PSP) and reporting agents (RA). Reputable third-party payers can help employers streamline their business operations by collecting and timely depositing payroll taxes on the employer’s behalf and filing required payroll tax returns with state and federal authorities.

Though most of these businesses provide very good service, there are, unfortunately, some who do not have their clients’ best interests at heart. Over the past few months, a number of these individuals and companies around the country have been prosecuted for stealing funds intended for the payment of payroll taxes. Examples of these successful prosecutions can be found on IRS.gov.

Like employers who handle their own payroll duties, employers who outsource this function are still legally responsible for any and all payroll taxes due. This includes any federal income taxes withheld as well as both the employer and employee’s share of social security and Medicare taxes. This is true even if the employer forwards tax amounts to a PSP or RA to make the required deposits or payments. For an overview of how the duties and obligations of agents, reporting agents and payroll service providers differ from one another, see the Third Party Arrangement Chart on IRS.gov.

Here are some steps employers can take to protect themselves from unscrupulous third-party payers.

-Enroll in the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System  and make sure the PSP or RA uses EFTPS to make tax deposits. Available free from the Treasury Department, EFTPS gives employers safe and easy online access to their payment history when deposits are made under their Employer Identification Number, enabling them to monitor whether their third-party payer is properly carrying out their tax deposit responsibilities. It also gives them the option of making any missed deposits themselves, as well as paying other individual and business taxes electronically, either online or by phone. To enroll or for more information, call toll-free 800-555-4477or visit www.eftps.gov.

-Refrain from substituting the third-party’s address for the employer’s address. Though employers are allowed to and have the option of making or agreeing to such a change, the IRS recommends that employer’s continue to use their own address as the address on record with the tax agency. Doing so ensures that the employer will continue to receive bills, notices and other account-related correspondence from the IRS. It also gives employers a way to monitor the third-party payer and easily spot any improper diversion of funds.

-Contact the IRS about any bills or notices and do so as soon as possible. This is especially important if it involves a payment that the employer believes was made or should have been made by a third-party payer. Call the number on the bill, write to the IRS office that sent the bill, contact the IRS business tax hotline at 800-829-4933 or visit a local IRS office. See Receiving a Bill from the IRS on IRS.gov for more information.

-For employers who choose to use a reporting agent, be aware of the special rules that apply to RAs. Among other things, reporting agents are generally required to use EFTPS and file payroll tax returns electronically. They are also required to provide employers with a written statement detailing the employer’s responsibilities including a reminder that the employer, not the reporting agent, is still legally required to timely file returns and pay any tax due. This statement must be provided upon entering into a contract with the employer and at least quarterly after that. See Reporting Agents File on IRS.gov for more information.

Become familiar with the tax due dates that apply to employers, and use the Small Business Tax Calendar to keep track of these key dates.

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Abusive Return Preparer
Taxpayers should be very careful when choosing a tax preparer. While most preparers provide excellent service to their clients, a few unscrupulous return preparers file false and fraudulent tax returns and ultimately defraud their clients. It is important to know that even if someone else prepares your return, you are ultimately responsible for all the information on the tax return.

Abusive Tax Schemes
Abusive tax scheme originally took the structure of fraudulent domestic and foreign trust arrangements. However, these schemes have evolved into sophisticated arrangements to give the appearance that taxpayers are not in control of their money. However, the taxpayers receive their funds through debit/credit cards or fictitious loans. These schemes often involve offshore banking and sometimes establish scam corporations or entities.

Nonfiler Enforcement
There have always been individuals who, for a variety of reasons, argue taxes are voluntary or illegal.  The courts have repeatedly rejected their arguments as frivolous and routinely impose financial penalties for raising such frivolous arguments.  Take the time to learn the truth about frivolous tax arguments.

All Program and Emphasis Areas for Criminal Investigation
Criminal Investigation has categorized their investigative cases into specific program and emphasis areas of fraud. Examples of case summaries written from public record documents where cases were prosecuted can be viewed on the various program and emphasis area web pages.

Tax Scams – How to Report Them
To help the public recognize and avoid abusive tax schemes, the IRS offers an abundance of educational materials. Participating in an illegal scheme to avoid paying taxes can result in imprisonment and fines, as well as the repayment of taxes owed with penalties and interest. Education is the best way to avoid the pitfalls of these “too good to be true” tax scams.

Criminal Investigation (CI) Home Page

Report Suspected Tax Fraud Activity!

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You should first break down the accounting into smaller pieces and set easily attainable goals for yourself.  Know that accounting is a time consuming process so splitting it into parts will make is more manageable.  This will also help with your stress and anxiety about accounting since you will see the completion of your smaller goals.

-Calculate minimum and ideal monthly profits
Keep track of all invoices and calculate revenue each month to make sure you can successfully keep your business running.  Calculating a number for the invoices will allow you to have an exact number you need to earn each month. Also having a minimum revenue goal will ensure that you are at least breaking even between your expenses and profit.

-Personal vs. Business
Keep your personal and business accounting separate.  Even though it is all coming in and out of your pocket, you want to keep it separate.  Don’t use your business credit card for personal expenses.  Mixing the two finances will create a false image of your true financial state.

-Keep all records
All receipts, invoices, bank statements need to be kept in an organized fashion (organize by alphabet or date).  You may think that you will remember a number for a certain expense, but it will be complete chaos if you forget.  Having a written track record of everything coming or going from your business will assure your financial state.

-Schedule time for accounting
In the mix of running your business and marketing and trying to have a personal life you need to set aside time for accounting.  Even if it is for 30 minutes, you have to schedule it in your week somewhere so you actually have time to work on it.  Keep yourself informed on your businesses finances weekly so you know exactly where your business stands.  This will also lower your stress levels so you are not left guessing how your business is doing financially.

-Hire an accountant if you can
DIY accounting can be difficult when you are managing every other aspect of your business as well.  Weigh the benefits of hiring an accountant to do it for you.  If you can afford to hire someone to do your accounting for you, hire someone!  If you are still a growing business consider computer software programs that can help you gain insight into your businesses finances.

People want to see your business succeed and accounting will make sure your business continues to exist and expand.  Follow these tips and it will lower your stress about accounting.

CPA Corporation is here for you to help you with taxes and business advisory.  Give us a call today and see if hiring a bookkeeper for your business could be beneficial for you.

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